It is a software program that allows users to search and retrieve information from the last amount of content available on the internet. They use algorithms to index and rank web pages based on relevance to a users query
How do search engines work:- it works on 3 parts
1. Crawling:- search engines used algorithms to find information that is publicly available on the internet. The crawlers scan the web and create a list of all available websites. It then reads their HTML code to understand the page structure content type content meaning it's creation and updation date.
2. Indexing:- the information identified by the crawler means to be sorted organised and stored so that it can be processed by the ranking algorithm.
3. Ranking:-ranking is the position by Twister website listed in any search engine. It works in the following steps:-
i. Analyse the user query that is to understand what kind of information the user is looking for? It is done by breaking the user's query into meaningful keywords.
ii. Finding matching pages:- this type is to look into their index and find the best matching pages.
iii. Present result to the user.
Www:- world wide web. It consists of a world wide collection of electronic documents called web pages. A website is a collection related to web pages and a homepage is the starting page of a website.
Internet services
i. Www
ii. Email:- it is a transmission of massages via the computer network over the internet.
iii. FTP:- FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL, it is an internet service that allows users to upload or download the files from one computer to another.
iv. Instant messaging:- it is a real time communication service that allows users to send and receive messages online.
v. Voice over internet protocol VoIP. :-it is a web based telephone service that allows users to talk to each other using the internet.
vi. Video conferencing:- it is a service which allows two or more geographically separated people to communicate revision audio and video data.
vii. Telnet:- it allows users to login to another computer on the internet from their local computer. This is known as remote login using software.
1. Describe some advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet in our daily life. (5 marks)
Advantages of the Internet:
Communication: The Internet allows people to communicate through e-mail, instant messaging, video calls and social media.
Education: Students can access online classes, e-books, educational websites and other learning materials.
Information: It provides quick access to news, research, weather information and other useful information.
Online services: People can use online banking, shopping, ticket booking and government services.
Entertainment: The Internet provides access to movies, music, games and other forms of entertainment.
Disadvantages of the Internet:
Cybercrime: Users may face hacking, online fraud, identity theft and other cybercrimes.
Privacy risks: Personal information may be misused or exposed online.
Internet addiction: Excessive use can waste time and affect studies, work and daily activities.
Misinformation: False or misleading information can spread quickly through the Internet.
Health effects: Excessive screen time may cause eye strain, sleep problems and other health issues.
Different types of Networks. (4 marks)
A computer network is a group of interconnected computers and devices that communicate and share resources.
The main types of networks are:
PAN (Personal Area Network):
A network used around an individual over a short distance. For example, connecting a smartphone with Bluetooth headphones.
LAN (Local Area Network):
A network that connects computers and devices within a small geographical area such as a home, computer laboratory or office.
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network):
A network that covers a larger area such as a city or metropolitan region. It can connect several LANs.
WAN (Wide Area Network):
A network that covers a large geographical area, such as countries or continents. The Internet is the largest example of a WAN.
3. What is file management in an operating system? Give some advantages of a file management system. (2+3 marks)
File Management:
File management is the process of creating, storing, organizing, naming, accessing, copying, moving and deleting files and folders in an operating system. The operating system provides a file management system to help users store and manage their data efficiently.
Advantages of File Management System:
Easy organization: It helps users organize files into folders and subfolders.
Easy access: Users can quickly find and access the required files.
Data security: It can control access to files and protect data from unauthorized users.
Efficient storage: It helps in managing available storage space effectively.
Easy file operations: Users can easily copy, move, rename and delete files.
4. Give the full form and define.
Term
Full Form
Definition
ISP
Internet Service Provider
A company or organization that provides users with access to the Internet.
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
A set of communication protocols used to connect devices and transfer data over networks, including the Internet.
FTP
File Transfer Protocol
A protocol used to transfer files between computers over a network.
HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
A protocol used to transfer web pages and other web resources between a web browser and a web server.
HTTPS
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
A secure version of HTTP that uses encryption to protect data transferred between a browser and a web server.
SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
A protocol mainly used for sending e-mails through mail servers.
HTML
HyperText Markup Language
The standard markup language used to create and structure web pages.
ARPANET
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
An early computer network developed by the U.S. Department of Defense's ARPA and an important predecessor of the modern Internet.
URL
Uniform Resource Locator
The address used to locate a resource on the Internet, such as a web page.
5. Difference between Web Browser and Search Engine
Web Browser
Search Engine
A web browser is a software application used to access and view websites.
A search engine is an online service used to find information and web pages on the Internet.
It connects the user to web servers and displays web pages.
It searches its index of web pages and provides relevant results.
Examples: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge.
Examples: Google, Bing, Yahoo.
A browser can be used to access a search engine.
A search engine can be accessed through a web browser.
Write some uses of Search Engine.
A search engine helps users find information and resources on the Internet. Some of its uses are:
Finding information: It helps users find information about different topics.
Finding websites: It can locate websites related to a particular subject or service.
Educational purposes: Students can search for study materials, articles, books and research information.
Finding images and videos: Search engines can be used to find images, videos and other media.
Finding news: Users can search for current news and events.
Finding products and services: Search engines help users find products, businesses, services and their information.
Finding locations: Users can search for places, addresses and directions.
Electronic mail is a digital way to sent or received messages over the internet
username@email.com - where username is the unique identification Susan by us and domain is the address of the email service provided popular email service providers are gmail rediffmail Yahoo Outlook.
Composting and sending emails
i. Login to account using username or password
ii. Click on the compose button.
iii. Fill up the fields:-
TO:- enter the recipient's email ID
CC :- send visible copies to other people
BCC:- send Hiren copies to people without others see
Subject:- write a short title explaining what your email is about
iv. wrote the text message in the body of the email
v. Add attachment if any by clicking on the paper clip icon
vi. Send the mail
How to create an email account:-
i. Open the web browser
ii. Open the website of your chosen email service provider
iii. Click on create account
iv. Enter personal details like first and last name date of birth and gender.
v. Choose a unique username for your email ID.
vi. Set a strong password by including lowercase and uppercase letters characters and numbers and it should be at least eight characters long
vii. Add recovery details like a phone number or alternate email ID for security.
viii. Agree to the terms and conditions of the providers privacy policy.
ix. Complete the verification by verifying the phone number by a code or OTP
Email adequate and best practices
Use standard formatting
Write a clear and concise subject line
Use a professional tone greeting and sign off
Proofread
Reply within 24 hours
Use a professional email address
Be cautious while forwarding any mail.
Social media
A social media is a collection of online platforms that allow individuals and communities to exchange information.
It's features are
User profiles
News feed
Content storing
Likes and comments
Messaging and communication
Notifications
Search functionality
Privacy setting
Analytics and insights
Advertising and promotion
Some popular platforms and usage
Facebook:- it is used for networking community building and events. It can also be used for business pages and market places
Twitter:- it is known for short fast paced updates trending topics and public conversation
Instagram:- it focuses on visual content such as photos ,reels and stories often used by brands and influencers
LinkedIn:- it is a professional networking site where users can share resumes job posting etc.
YouTube:- it is a video sharing platform that supports long form content tutorial entertainment etc.
Tik Tok:- it focuses on short creative videos using integration and viral trends
Snapchat:- it specializes in ephemeral content and AR filters.
Privacy and security setting in social media platform
Privacy setting helps control who can view share or interect with your content for example profile visibility tagging and mentions.
Post sharing controls location sharing and data sharing with third parties.
Security settings protect accounts from unauthorised access and malicious activity. For example use a strong password avoid using public devices don't share address or date of birth if not necessary disable geographical location beware of suspicious links, used two factor authentication opt out of AI training enable login alerts etc.
Creating and managing social media accounts
Creating
Shoes at platform
Registration by providing basic personal details then Sujay username and the strong password.
Verification by your phone number or email ID
Profile setup by adding profile photo cover photo bio education hobbies etc.
Customisation adjust privacy and security setting
Posting and sharing content of social media
Types of content
Images
Videos
Memes
Graphics interchanged format gif
Text based content
Interactive content
Ephemeral content
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